Eye diseases are a common problem, but few people know what they are. This article explains the five most common eye diseases and how to manage them.
The 5 Common Eye Diseases and Disorders
Eyes are subject to various diseases and disorders. Some of these can be minor annoyances, while others may require more complex treatments. However, being aware of the most common eye diseases and disorders can help you take steps to protect your vision.
So, you should pay attention to any new or sudden changes in your vision. You must quickly act to ensure your vision is not compromised. You can take measures such as wearing protective eyewear and sunglasses, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, monitoring chronic conditions such as diabetes, and getting regular eye exams.
We shall look closely at the five most common eye diseases and disorders likely to affect your vision.
1. Age-Related Macular Degeneration of the Eye
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) affects the macula, the central vision’s part of the eye. It is the major cause of blindness in people over 65. AMD can cause blurred vision, difficulty reading, and in the most severe cases, central blindness.
There are two main types of AMD:
1. Dry AMD
Dry AMD is caused by the gradual thinning of the macula, which results in the following:
Blurred vision
Difficulty recognizing faces
A dark or empty area in the center of your vision.
2. Wet AMD
Wet AMD results from the formation of abnormal blood vessels behind the retina leading to fluid and/or blood leakage, causing a rapid decline in vision.
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2. Cataracts
Cataracts occur when the eye's lens becomes clouded, causing vision to become blurry or distorted. It is typically a result of aging but can also occur due to illness or trauma.
Cataracts can be diagnosed through an eye exam and may require surgery to remove and replace the lens. In most cases, cataract surgery is considered a safe and successful procedure. The doctor will typically recommend the best type of lens replacement for each individual based on their unique needs and lifestyle.
After surgery, many patients experience improved vision and improved quality of life. Further, regular eye exams are necessary to monitor the development for timely treatment.
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3. Glaucoma
Glaucoma occurs when increased pressure in the eye destroys the optic nerve causing vision loss. The condition is commonly called "the sneak thief of sight" since it rarely shows early symptoms.
Risk factors for glaucoma include:
Age
A family history of the disease
High nearsightedness or farsightedness
Certain eye injuries.
It's important to get regular eye exams, and screenings for glaucoma, as early diagnosis is key to preventing vision loss.
Treatment options for glaucoma may include:
Medications
Laser surgery
Traditional surgery
In some cases, the pressure in the eye can be reduced with medication or surgery, halting or slowing the progression of the disease. If left untreated, glaucoma can cause permanent vision loss.
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4. Dry Eyes Syndrome
Dry eyes syndrome, also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), is an ocular disorder that causes the eyes to become dry and uncomfortable. That results from a deficiency in the quality or quantity of tears the eyes produce.
Symptoms of dry eyes can vary from person to person but typically include the following:
A burning sensation
Itchy eyes
Redness and sensitivity to light
Producing an excessive amount of tears
Treatment of dry eyes syndrome is based upon the severity of the condition but commonly includes artificial tears, ointments, and medications to reduce inflammation. In extreme cases, surgery may be necessary to improve the eye's tear production.
Further, making some lifestyle changes can help manage dry eye syndrome symptoms. These include:
Avoiding smoke and other airborne irritants
Using a humidifier for better moisture levels in the air
Avoiding prolonged exposure to computer screens
The most crucial part of eye syndrome management is making regular appointments with an ophthalmologist to ensure the condition is adequately managed.
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5. Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy affects the retina’s blood vessels. It is a diabetes complication and commonly causes vision loss among diabetic people.
Diabetic retinopathy can occur in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, although it is more common in those with long-standing diabetes. It is important to manage diabetes carefully, to reduce the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy. That includes:
Having regular blood glucose tests
Keeping active
Taking medication as prescribed
Following a healthy diet.
When retinopathy occurs, the retina's blood vessels can weaken and leak fluid. That can cause deposits of fatty material and scar tissue to form in the retina, leading to blindness. Abnormal blood vessels may also grow on the retina’s surface, which can lead to bleeding and cause vision loss.
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Simple Measures Can Manage Eye Disorders
Eye disorders can occur in people of all ages, and many are easily treatable by taking simple measures. You can manage some disorders with lifestyle changes such as getting more rest, exercising regularly, and eating a balanced diet. You may also use eye drops or medications to reduce swelling and pressure in the eyes. Further, wearing appropriate eyewear can reduce the risk of eye problems caused by bright lights and prolonged screen exposure.
