Learn about the common types of cancer, including information on their risk factors. See what causes these conditions and how you can manage them.
The Most Common Types of Cancer and Risks
Cancer is among the leading killer diseases caused by the abnormal growth of cells in the body. There are many different types of cancer, each with its symptoms and treatment options.
The most common types include
Breast Cancer
Lung Cancer
Colon and Rectum Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Skin (Non-melanoma) Cancer
Stomach Cancer
Liver Cancer
Cervix Cancer
These eight cancer types record the highest rate of occurrence and death. This blog post will help you understand these cancer types and how they are managed.
1. Breast Cancer
This cancer starts in the breast. It can occur in men and women, but it is much more common in women.
Breast cancer is a result of an abnormal division of breast cells. These cells develop into tumors observable through an X-ray or felt as a lump. A large tumor may cause the breast to change shape or size. The tumor may also cause the breast to make discharge.
There are several risk factors for breast cancer. These include
Being female
Older age
Personal history of breast cancer
Family history of breast cancer
Genetic mutations
Dense breasts
Early onset of menstruation
Late menopause
Previous radiation therapy for the chest, and obesity.
Some risk factors, such as being female and older, cannot be changed. However, you can take measures to reduce breast cancer risk. These include;
Maintaining a healthy weight
Exercising regularly
Avoiding alcohol
Getting regular mammograms
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2. Lung Cancer
This cancer starts in the lungs, with smoking being its main cause. However, people who do not smoke can also get the disease.
Lung cancer falls into two categories:
Non-small cell lung cancer
Small cell lung cancer
The most common type of these two is non-small cell lung cancer.
Risk factors for lung cancer include
Smoking cigarettes, cigars, or pipes.
Exposure to secondhand smoke.
Exposure to certain chemicals, such as asbestos.
Family history of lung cancer.
Radon exposure.
You can treat lung cancer with the following:
Surgery
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy
The type of treatment depends on the following:
The stage of cancer
The size of the tumor
The patient’s overall health.
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3. Colon and Rectum cancer
Colon and rectum cancer affect the lower part of the digestive system. It is also known as colorectal cancer. The colon is the large intestine, and the rectum is the last part of the intestine. The colon and rectum are connected by a muscular tube called the anal canal.
The most common colon and rectum cancer symptoms are
Rectum bleeding or blood in the stool
Diarrhea or constipation
Abdominal pain.
Most cases of colon and rectum cancer are caused by:
Lifestyle factors, such as smoking and lack of exercise
Obesity
A family history of the disease
Presence of some medical conditions like inflammatory bowel disease
Certain medications, such as steroids.
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4. Prostate Cancer
This cancer affects the prostate gland, a part of the male reproductive system.
The common prostate cancer symptoms are
A change in urination, such as a slow or weak stream, hesitancy, or urgency.
Pain or stiffness in the lower back, hips, or upper thighs.
Trouble urinating or blood in the urine or semen.
Prostate cancer may not cause any symptoms at all.
This cancer is most common in men over 50 but can also occur in younger men. There are several risk factors for prostate cancer, including
Age
Family history
Ethnicity
Lifestyle choices.
The accurate prostate cancer cause is unknown, but research suggests that it may be linked to hormones, genes, or a combination of both.
Treatment for prostate cancer depends on the cancer stage, the patient's age and health, and other factors. Treatment options include
Surgery
Radiation therapy
Hormone therapy
Chemotherapy
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5. Skin (Non-melanoma) Cancer
Skin (non-melanoma) cancer is common in humans. It is also one of the easiest types of cancer to treat if detected early. It develops in the upper layers of the skin, which is why it is often referred to as "skin cancer."
Skin cancer usually occurs in skin areas exposed to the sun, such as the face, neck, arms, and legs. However, it can also occur in areas not exposed to the sun, such as feet and palms.
Skin cancer falls into two categories:
Melanoma
Non-melanoma.
Melanoma is the most severe skin cancer, and it can be deadly if not detected early and treated promptly. Non-melanoma skin cancer is less dangerous but can still spread to other body parts if not treated.
Skin cancer has several risk factors, including
Fair skin
Freckles
Red hair
A history of sunburn
Exposure to the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation or tanning beds
A family history of skin cancer
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6. Stomach cancer
This cancer, also called gastric cancer, starts in the stomach. Most stomach cancers start in the cells that line the inside of the stomach. These cells are called mucosal cells. Stomach cancer can also start in other types of cells in the stomach.
The risk of stomach cancer increases with age. The average age of people diagnosed with stomach cancer is 65. Further, men are more likely to get stomach cancer than women.
Other risk factors for stomach cancer include:
Having a family member with stomach cancer.
Having certain types of anemia.
Smoking cigarettes.
Drinking too much alcohol.
Eating a diet high in salt.
Having a history of stomach surgery.
Having a history of certain stomach conditions, such as Helicobacter pylori infection or pernicious anemia.
Being infected with the bacteria Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori).
Working in certain jobs, such as coal mining or rubber manufacturing.
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7. Liver Cancer
This cancer starts in the liver, with its most common type being hepatocellular carcinoma, a cancer of the liver cells. Liver cancer is also referred to as hepatic cancer.
Cancer might spread from the liver to other body parts, such as the lungs, brain, or bones. If cancer has spread, it is still considered liver cancer.
Other types of liver cancer include
Cholangiocarcinoma, which starts in the bile ducts.
Hepatoblastoma, a childhood cancer that starts in the liver cells.
Liver cancer often has no symptoms in its early stages. As it grows, it might cause
Pain in the abdomen or back.
A lump or mass in the abdomen.
Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
Ascites (fluid buildup in the abdomen)
Encephalopathy (a condition that causes changes in mental status and personality changes)
Some risk factors of Liver cancer include:
Being a man as it is more common in men than women.
The risk of developing liver cancer increases with age.
Having certain conditions, such as
Cirrhosis: Cirrhosis damages the liver.
Hepatitis: Hepatitis inflames the liver and is caused by a virus, such as hepatitis B or C.
History of alcohol abuse or cigarette smoking
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8. Cervix Cancer
Cervix cancer starts in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus.
Symptoms of early-stage cervical cancer may not be present. When they are, they can include the following:
Abnormal vaginal bleeding that may include bleeding between periods or after sex.
Unusual vaginal discharge.
Pelvic pain.
Cervical cancer develops over many years. It is most often found in women over the age of 50. However, it can occur in younger women.
Cervix cancer is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a common virus passed from one person to another during sex. Most of the time, the body can clear the HPV infection independently. However, in some women, the virus does not go away.
Over time, HPV can cause changes in the cells of the cervix. These changes may lead to cancer.
The following can increase your risk of developing cervical cancer:
HPV infection
Smoking
Use of birth control pills for a long period.
Weakened immune system
Other cancers
Family history
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Seek Your Doctor’s Opinion if You Suspect Cancer
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Cancer is a severe condition that can be difficult to detect in its early stages. You should seek medical attention if you have cancer-like experiences.
Your doctor can order tests and procedures to determine if cancer is present and what type it is. Early detection is critical to successful treatment, so address your concerns by seeking medical care.
